49 research outputs found

    How to become the Leader of the Mobile Telecom Industry

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    Five main observations have been made. First, the integration is likely to continue within the mobile telecom industry. Second, the value creation process will change significantly during the next few years. Third, the operators must reinvent their position in the value chain to maintain high profitability. Fourth, ecosystem keystones will capture most of the value. Fifth, flexibility will become even more important in the future. Both horizontal and vertical integration makes the companies larger and less flexible, which in turn makes it more difficult for them to adapt to the market and the rapidly changing consumer needs. However, it is through size, integration and cooperations that a company can take a keystone advantage position. To become a so called keystone, and be able to capture most of the value created within the industry, it is important to have the customer in focus and apply co-creation and the customers-as-innovators approach. By taking in the consumer early in a product development process, the risk of losing flexibility to changing consumer needs can be reduced. Currently, it is the operators and the mobile phone brands that are competing for the position as keystone within the mobile telecom industry

    TÀckdikning pÄ olika jordarter

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    TÀckdikningen Àr en förutsÀttning för att det ska kunna odlas pÄ mÄnga marker i Sverige, men behovet varierar stort efter jordmÄn och vilken odling som skall bedrivas. Behovet av tÀckdikning av svensk Äkermark Àr stort. I Sverige tÀckdikas det ungefÀr hÀlften av vad det bör göras Ärligen. Intresset för att tÀckdika varierar över Ären. DÄ det Àr högkonjunktur inom lantbruket med höga spannmÄlspriser ökar intresset för att tÀckdika. Vid lÄga spannmÄlspriser finns det inte lika stort utrymme och intresse att investera i en ny drÀnering. Efter den blöta hösten 2017 har intresset för att tÀckdika ökat dÄ det skapade stora problem med stÄende vatten pÄ fÀlten efter de stora nederbördsmÀngderna. Ett höstbruk dÀr mÄnga lantbrukare inte klarade av att etablera nÄgon gröda har gjort att lantbrukare har börjat inse att sin drÀnering Àr i behov av att ersÀttas eller lagas. Studien visar pÄ vad det kan bli för utföranden och kostnad i kronor per hektar för tÀckdikning pÄ olika jordarter. Studien har innefattat tre olika jordarter med olika dikesavstÄnd; 12, 16 och 20 meter. Arbetet visar Àven vilka avskrivningstider det gÄr att rÀkna med vid de tre olika jordarterna. VÄr slutsats i denna studie Àr att: -Jordarten har stor pÄverkan hur man projekterar ett system. Den mest avgörandefaktorn Àr hur stor genomslÀpplighet jorden har för vatten. Med en mer genomslÀppligjord desto större avstÄnd kan man ha mellan sugledningarna. -Störst betydelse för hur mycket det kostar att drÀnera ett fÀlt Àr vilket ledningsavstÄndman vÀljer. Maskinvalet vid lÀggningen har ingen större betydelse, men valet avfiltermaterial och hur mycket filter man lÀgger kan göra att kostnaden varierar. -Enligt vÄr studie Àr ett 12 metersystem pÄ styv lera betalt efter 30 Är, ett 16metersystem pÄ lÀtt lera Àr betalt efter 19 Är och ett 20 metersystem pÄ finmo Àr betaltefter 14 Är. BerÀkningarna Àr gjorda efter ett antagande pÄ en intÀktsökning förskörden pÄ 2100 kr/ha och Är, efter att drÀneringen genomförts.The majority of the arable land in Sweden requires drainage, in fact about half of what should be done annually is covered. The drainage is a prerequisite for the tillage on many fields in Sweden, but the need varies greatly depending on the soil and what crop varieties there are. Interest in the fact that the varieties vary over the years, as agriculture experiences a boom, there tends to be an increased interest in drainage. At low grain prices, there is less capacity and interest to invest in a new drainage. After the wet autumn of 2017 there is an interest in increasing the coverage since it caused major problems with standing water in the fields following the heavy rainfall. An autumn where many farmers did not manage to plant a crop has caused farmers to start to realize that their drainage is in need of replacement or repair. The study shows possible implementations and costs per hectare for covering on different soil types. The study has included three different soils with different pipe distance; 12, 16 and 20 meters. The work also shows which depreciation times can be counted on the three different systems. Our conclusion in this study is: -Soil types have a major influence on how to design a system. The most crucial factoris how much permeability the soil has for water. With a more permeable soil, thegreater the distance you can put between the pipes. -The greatest importance for how much it costs to drain a field is which pipe distanceyou choose. The choice of machines is of no significance, but the choice of filtermaterial and how much filter is added can cause the cost to vary. -By assuming a revenue increase of 2100 SEK per hectare and year, numbers andfigures have been developed through our study. These calculations shows that a12 meter system could be paid after 30 years, a 16 meter system after 19 years andfinally a 20 meter system paid after 14 years

    South baltic oil spill response through clean-up with biogenic oil binders project : the SBOIL handbook

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    Without international cooperation, individual countries are usually lacking sufficient resources and assets for successfully responding to large-scale oil spill incidents. This end-result might be related to the vast quantities of oil involved in those incidents, or just to the fact that the necessary special equipment for dealing with the tasks at hand is not available/possessed by that one country under the need to respond, although it can be rather easily provided by a neighboring one. For successfully resolving oil spill incidents, close and effective international cooperation (especially between neighboring countries that usually face similar issues and “share the burden” of oil pollution in case the response is unsatisfactory) is obviously a vital necessity. The contemporary world relies heavily on oil to cover its energy needs. Unfortunately, oil spills at the locations of production, or during the associated transport endeavors continue to be one of the major threats to both society and the environment at the global level. Oil spills actually pose a greater threat in areas associated with major shipping routes, areas around pipelines and onshore/offshore rigs, as well as in the vicinity of oil and gas processing infrastructures. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 14, requires protection of our ocean, marine life and resources; therefore, minimizing possible oil spill incidents and their adverse impacts should be deemed as a very high priority.The project “South Baltic Oil spill response” (SBOIL) was co-funded by the European Union’s (EU) South Baltic Program, covering the period from summer of 2016 to the end of 2019. The University of Rostock, as the leading partner, cooperated with the World Maritime University and the Maritime University of Szczecin on the issue of “Oil Spill Response within the South Baltic Sea Region”, following the clean-up with biogenic oil binders perspective. SBOIL is a continuation of the project BioBind, which mainly focused on the creation and introduction into service of an oil recovery system designed for coastal waters, shallow areas and adverse weather conditions. The BioBind approach established a methodology relying on biodegradable oil binders that are deployed by airplanes and/or helicopters. The removal process involves a special net-boom, comprising of fishing nets and conventional containment booms. The project SBOIL aims to use this new “green” technology to improve present cross-border oil spill response capabilities. This handbook will provide the reader with basic knowledge about oil spills, response measures and the structural approaches of the individual South Baltic (SB) countries of Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Lithuania, Poland and Russia. It aims to close an existing information gap in relation to oil spill response without contradicting existing regulations and already established policies and guidelines. Furthermore, it aspires to improve international collaboration between local and regional authorities and facilitate their better interaction with the respective national incident managers. A certain number of both national and international workshops, as well as an expanded portfolio of capacity building activities based on a table top exercise have been implemented as part of this project; their most important findings and recommendations are summarized in the sections that follow.The SBOIL project has designed and implemented a very wide range of activities (various SBOIL spill response exercises, national workshops and an international table top exercise), developed spill response scenarios and a biogenic spill response training kit to inform and train people engaged with oil spill response during and after the project. Furthermore, a designated station to be used in the future during a relevant emergency situation was created. Additionally, a biogenic spill response training package in the simulator setting (via a nautical simulator) was developed to cover the needs of the people that will handle this new equipment/technique. As a starting point, this handbook will focus primarily on providing a comprehensive overview on oil spills in the South Baltic (SB) Sea area, including the related response measures in general. It will also summarize the above mentioned Baltic Sea countries’ structural approaches, as well as their respective legal frameworks in relation to the issue of oil spill response.This handbook will also provide an insight into the lessons learnt from the tabletop exercise in Poland in 2018, as well as those derived from the national workshops that took place during the 2017-2019 timeframe in Sweden and Poland.https://commons.wmu.se/lib_books/1003/thumbnail.jp

    Analysis of spatial variability in hyperspectral imagery of the uterine cervix in vivo

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    The use of fluorescence and reflectance spectroscopy in the analysis of cervical histopathology is a growing field of research. The majority of this research is performed with point-like probes. Typically, clinicians select probe sites visually, collecting a handful of spectral samples. An exception to this methodology is the Hyperspectral Diagnostic Imaging (HSDIÂź) instrument developed by Science and Technology International. This non-invasive device collects contiguous hyperspectral images across the entire cervical portio. The high spatial and spectral resolution of the HSDI instruments make them uniquely well suited for addressing the issues of coupled spatial and spectral variability of tissues in vivo. Analysis of HSDI data indicates that tissue spectra vary from point to point, even within histopathologically homogeneous regions. This spectral variability exhibits both random and patterned components, implying that point monitoring may be susceptible to significant sources of noise and clutter inherent in the tissue. We have analyzed HSDI images from clinical CIN (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia) patients to quantify the spatial variability of fluorescence and reflectance spectra. This analysis shows the spatial structure of images to be fractal in nature, in both intensity and spectrum. These fractal tissue textures will limit the performance of any point-monitoring technology

    Genomic and drug target evaluation of 90 cardiovascular proteins in 30,931 individuals.

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    Circulating proteins are vital in human health and disease and are frequently used as biomarkers for clinical decision-making or as targets for pharmacological intervention. Here, we map and replicate protein quantitative trait loci (pQTL) for 90 cardiovascular proteins in over 30,000 individuals, resulting in 451 pQTLs for 85 proteins. For each protein, we further perform pathway mapping to obtain trans-pQTL gene and regulatory designations. We substantiate these regulatory findings with orthogonal evidence for trans-pQTLs using mouse knockdown experiments (ABCA1 and TRIB1) and clinical trial results (chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR5), with consistent regulation. Finally, we evaluate known drug targets, and suggest new target candidates or repositioning opportunities using Mendelian randomization. This identifies 11 proteins with causal evidence of involvement in human disease that have not previously been targeted, including EGF, IL-16, PAPPA, SPON1, F3, ADM, CASP-8, CHI3L1, CXCL16, GDF15 and MMP-12. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the utility of large-scale mapping of the genetics of the proteome and provide a resource for future precision studies of circulating proteins in human health

    Det industriella varumÀrkesarbetet - en studie i vÀrdeskapande relationer varumÀrkesaktiviteter

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    Studien behandlar det processuella perspektivet pÄ hur ett industriellt företag slöter sitt varumÀrkesarbete mot sina kunder. Undersökningen Àr genomförd med en kvalitativ ansats med en tolkande och deskriptiv metod. Det empiriska materialet har insamlats genom intervjuer. Studiens teoretiska ram har utformats utifrÄn fyra grundlÀggande omrÄden; varumÀrkets bestÄndsdelar, industriella konkurensfördelar, kundens karaktÀrsdrag samt relationsprocessen. Den analytiska delen har utformats efter samma modell för att ge en tydlig Äterknytning. Resultatet och slutsatsen summeras med tvÄ modeller efterföljt av en diskussion

    [No dudo que] + «indicativo/subjuntivo» en la clåusula subordinada: Una investigación del modo verbal que sigue el verbo matriz [no dudo que]

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    El propĂłsito del presente estudio es el de investigar el modo verbal que utilizan los hispanohablantes en la clĂĄusula subordinada cuando es seguido de la clĂĄusula matriz [no dudo /de/ que]. SegĂșn la norma gramatical, es de rigor el modo indicativo si el verbo matriz estĂĄ negado, a no ser que el hablante tenga intenciĂłn de quitarle importancia al contenido proposicional. No obstante, nuestra hipĂłtesis es que el uso comĂșn va en contra de las directrices gramaticales, es decir, que se utiliza el subjuntivo aunque no exista intenciĂłn de minimizaciĂłn del contenido proposicional. Nuestra teorĂ­a especulativa es que esto se debe a que el verbo dudar es hipotĂ©tico e incierto por su naturaleza, sea afirmativo sea negado. Por ende, tampoco puede ser equivalente a «estar seguro». Para comprobar la hipĂłtesis llevaremos a cabo una investigaciĂłn de encuesta y, ademĂĄs, analizaremos ejemplos autĂ©nticos del Corpus de Referencia del Español Actual. Las conclusiones que pueden extraerse de este estudio son que la mayorĂ­a de nuestros informantes prefieren el uso del subjuntivo en la clĂĄusula subordinada, aun cuando el hablante no tiene intenciĂłn de quitarle importancia al contenido proposicional.Syftet med föreliggande uppsats Ă€r att undersöka vilket modus som spansktalande anvĂ€nder i den underordnade satsen nĂ€r den styrs av matrissatsen [no dudo /de/ que]. Om matrissatsen Ă€r nekande bör detta, enligt grammatiken, styra indikativ i den underordnade satsen, under förutsĂ€ttning att talaren inte har för avsikt att förringa innehĂ„llet. VĂ„r hypotes Ă€r emellertid att gĂ€ngse bruk strider mot de grammatiska riktlinjerna, det vill sĂ€ga att konjunktiv anvĂ€nds efter nekad huvudsats Ă€ven nĂ€r avsikten inte Ă€r att bagatellisera bisatsens innehĂ„ll. VĂ„r spekulativa teori Ă€r att detta sker pĂ„ grund av matrisverbets grundbetydelse, som av sin natur uttrycker nĂ„got hypotetiskt och ovisst, vare sig det stĂ„r i jakande eller nekande form. SĂ„lunda kan det inte heller vara ekvivalent med "estar seguro". För att bekrĂ€fta hypotesen kommer vi att anvĂ€nda oss av en enkĂ€tundersökning och av autentiska exempel frĂ„n Corpus de Referencia del Español Actual (CREA). Slutsatser som kan dras av denna studie Ă€r att en majoritet av vĂ„ra informanter föredrar att anvĂ€nda konjunktiv i den underordnade satsen, Ă€ven nĂ€r talaren inte har för avsikt att förringa bisatsens innehĂ„ll

    Professionella bedömningar i principbaserade regelverk : En inblick i företags arbete att utföra bedömningar

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    Introduktion: Principbaserade regelverk innebär att redovisningsansvariga gör bedömningar utifrån principer snarare än regler och gränsvärden vilket medför att professionella bedömningar blir en central del av redovisningen. Redovisningen ska spegla företagets ekonomiska situation och vara användbar i beslutsfattande vilket gör bedömningarna viktiga och ställer krav på de som utför redovisningen. Utförande av bedömningar är däremot inte helt enkelt eftersom regelverken i många fall ger otillräcklig vägledning samtidigt som utförarna är exponerad mot många aspekter som kan komma att påverka bedömningen. Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att utforska hur professionella bedömningar görs i företag som följer ett principbaserat regelverk och vad som påverkar bedömningarna. Metod: Uppsatsen grundar sig på en kvalitativ forskningsstrategi med semistrukturerade intervjuer för inhämtande av data. Ansatsen är deduktiv med induktivt inslag. Slutsats: Slutsatsen visar att företagen i stor utsträckning gör bedömningar genom att titta på tidigare bedömningar, andra organisationer och använder sig av revisorer. Slutsatsen visar också att bedömningarna görs med en mer eller mindre metodisk process där företaget har utarbetade metoder och relaterar till redovisningsprinciper. Det är svårt att avgöra hur olika faktorer påverkar bedömningarna men det finns indikationer på att flera aspekter kopplade till både person, uppgift och miljö påverkar bedömningarna
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